{"id":479,"date":"2016-08-11T10:18:18","date_gmt":"2016-08-11T07:18:18","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.okulistik.com\/blog\/?p=479"},"modified":"2016-08-11T19:37:15","modified_gmt":"2016-08-11T16:37:15","slug":"dikkat-eksikligi-ve-hiperaktivite-bozuklugu-dehb","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.okulistik.com\/blog\/?p=479","title":{"rendered":"Dikkat Eksikli\u011fi ve Hiperaktivite Bozuklu\u011fu (DEHB)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Dikkat Eksikli\u011fi ve Hiperaktivite Bozuklu\u011fu (DEHB)<\/p>\n<p>\u00c7a\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda \u00e7ocuklarda en \u00e7ok g\u00f6r\u00fclen rahats\u0131zl\u0131klardan biri dikkat eksikli\u011fi ve hiperaktivite bozuklu\u011fudur. K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ya\u015f \u00e7ocuklarda s\u0131kl\u0131kla g\u00f6r\u00fclen dikkatini bir \u015feye toplamakta zorluk \u00e7ekme ve yo\u011fun enerjiden kaynakl\u0131 s\u00fcrekli hareket halinde olma hali, ebeveynlerin panik yapmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7maktad\u0131r. \u00c7ocu\u011funuza kendi kendinize te\u015fhis koymak yerine, \u00f6ncelikle yaz\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 okuman\u0131z\u0131 ve \u015fayet sendromlar uyuyorsa en yak\u0131n pedagoga gitmenizi tavsiye ederiz.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1- DEHB Nedir?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0130ngilizcesi \u201cAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder&#8221; (ADHD) olan dikkat eksikli\u011fi ve hiperaktivite bozuklu\u011fu, dikkatsizlik, a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 hareketlilik ve d\u00fcrt\u00fcsellik (istekleri erteleyememe) sebebiyle geli\u015fme ve i\u015flevselli\u011fi olumsuz y\u00f6nde etkileyen bir beyin rahats\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. <\/p>\n<p>\u2022\tDikkatsizlik: G\u00f6revlerden sapma, devaml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 sa\u011flama yoksunlu\u011fu, odaklanmada zorlanma, d\u00fczensizlik g\u00f6sterme. Bu problemler meydan okuma ya da kavrama yoksunlu\u011fundan kaynaklanmamaktad\u0131r.<br \/>\n\u2022\tA\u015f\u0131r\u0131 hareketlilik: Uygun olmayan zamanlarda uygunsuz hareketler sergilemeyi de i\u00e7eren, genellikle yerinde duramama, parma\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ya da aya\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ritmik olarak bir \u015feylere t\u0131klatma ya da konu\u015fma gibi s\u00fcrekli hareket halinde olma hali. Yeti\u015fkinlerde hiperaktivite s\u00fcrekli huzursuzluk ya da yapt\u0131klar\u0131 hareketlerle ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131 y\u0131pratma olarak g\u00f6zlemlenebilir.<br \/>\n\u2022\tD\u00fcrt\u00fcsellik (istekleri erteleyememe): \u00d6nceden d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmeden, zarar verme potansiyeli y\u00fcksek olan, sonras\u0131nda verilecek \u201c\u00f6d\u00fcller\u201d i\u00e7in yo\u011fun arzu duyma ve istekleri erteleyememekten kaynaklanan hareketler sergileme.  Yo\u011fun d\u00fcrt\u00fcsellik sahibi insanlar sosyal a\u00e7\u0131dan zorluk ya\u015fayan, di\u011ferlerini yo\u011fun bir \u015fekilde rahats\u0131z eden ve uzun vadedeki sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 hesaba katmadan \u00f6nemli kararlar veren bireylerdir.<br \/>\n<strong><br \/>\n2- DEHB Belirtileri Nelerdir?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>DEHB&#8217;de g\u00f6sterilen anahtar davran\u0131\u015flar, tan\u0131m\u0131 yap\u0131l\u0131rken de s\u00f6z\u00fc edilen dikkatsizlik, a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 hareketlilik ve d\u00fcrt\u00fcsellik (istekleri erteleyememe)dir. DEHB rahats\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7eken insanlar\u0131n baz\u0131lar\u0131nda yaln\u0131zca dikkatsizlik ile ilgili problemler ya\u015farken, baz\u0131lar\u0131 da hem dikkatsizlik hem de a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 hareketlilik ve d\u00fcrt\u00fcsellik ile ilgili s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 ayn\u0131 anda ya\u015fayabilir. \u00c7ocuklar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu bu s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 ayn\u0131 anda ya\u015famaktad\u0131r. <\/p>\n<p>Okul \u00f6ncesi d\u00f6nemde en yayg\u0131n DEHB semptomu hiperaktivitedir. <\/p>\n<p>Baz\u0131 dikkatsizlik, motor davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131 sergilerken odaklanamama ve d\u00fcrt\u00fcsellik problemleri ya\u015famak normal olarak kabul edilmektedir fakat DEHB&#8217;li \u00e7ocuklar bu davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131 daha s\u0131k tekrarlar ve sosyalle\u015fmelerini b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde sekteye u\u011frat\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n<p>DEHB genel belirtileri \u015fu \u015fekildedir:<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\tSonucunu hemen g\u00f6remeyece\u011fi g\u00f6revlerden ka\u00e7\u0131nma,<br \/>\n\u2022\tArzu ve isteklerini ertelemede problem ya\u015fama,<br \/>\n\u2022\tY\u00f6nergeleri sonuna kadar takip edebilmede problem ya\u015fama,<br \/>\n\u2022\tSosyal ortamlarda uygunsuz davran\u0131\u015flar sergileme,<br \/>\n\u2022\tAkranlar\u0131na oranla daha huzursuz ve hareketli olma,<br \/>\n\u2022\tKurallara uymada problem ya\u015fama,<br \/>\n\u2022\tHer ko\u015fulda dikkat problemi ya\u015fama.<\/p>\n<p>DEHB i\u015faretleri ve semptomlar\u0131n\u0131 daha ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bir \u015fekilde inceleyecek olursak, dikkat eksili\u011fi belirtileri, hiperaktivite belirtileri ve \u00fcst\u00fcn yetenek ile DEHB&#8217;nin ili\u015fkilendirildi\u011fi belirtiler olarak \u00fc\u00e7 ana ba\u015fl\u0131k alt\u0131nda toplamak gerekir: <\/p>\n<p>a) Dikkat Eksikli\u011fi Belirtileri Nelerdir?<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\tDetaylar\u0131 ka\u00e7\u0131rma ya da g\u00f6rmezden gelme,<br \/>\n\u2022\tOkul g\u00f6revlerinde, i\u015f yerinde ya da di\u011fer aktivitelerde ihmalk\u00e2rca hatalar yapma,<br \/>\n\u2022\tDiyalog kurma, konu\u015fma yapma ya da uzun okuma yapmay\u0131 i\u00e7eren g\u00f6rev ya da oyunlarda dikkatsizlikten kaynaklanan problemler ya\u015fama,<br \/>\n\u2022\tDirekt olarak kendisine konu\u015fuldu\u011funda dinlemiyormu\u015f gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcnme,<br \/>\n\u2022\tOkul g\u00f6revlerinde, i\u015f yerinde ya da di\u011fer aktivitelerde y\u00f6nergeleri takip etmeme,<br \/>\n\u2022\tBir g\u00f6reve ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda h\u0131zl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde oda\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yitirme ve konudan sapma,<br \/>\n\u2022\tG\u00f6rev ve aktiviteleri organize etmede problem ya\u015fama: s\u0131ralamaya uyamama, materyalleri uygun s\u0131ralamada tutamama, i\u015flerini da\u011f\u0131n\u0131k yapma, zaman\u0131 verimli kullanmada ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131k, \u00f6devin son teslim zaman\u0131na uyamama,<br \/>\n\u2022\tZihinsel efor gerektiren \u00f6dev ve g\u00f6revlerden ho\u015flanmama ve m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011funca bu g\u00f6revlerden ka\u00e7ma,<br \/>\n\u2022\tKalem, kitap, c\u00fczdan, anahtar, g\u00f6zl\u00fck, \u00f6dev, cep telefonu gibi \u00f6nemli e\u015fyalar\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131k s\u0131k kaybetme,<br \/>\n\u2022\t\u0130lgisiz d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerle kolayca dikkatinin da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131,<br \/>\n\u2022\tAramalara geri d\u00f6nme, toplant\u0131ya kat\u0131lma, randevuya gitme gibi \u00f6nemli g\u00fcnl\u00fck aktiviteleri unutma.<\/p>\n<p>b) Hiperaktivite Belirtileri Nelerdir?<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\tOturduklar\u0131 yerde s\u00fcrekli k\u0131p\u0131rdama, sabit bir \u015fekilde duramama,<br \/>\n\u2022\tS\u0131n\u0131f ya da ofis gibi s\u00fcrekli yerinde oturmalar\u0131 beklenen durumlarda yerinde duramay\u0131p aya\u011fa kalkma,<br \/>\n\u2022\tKendilerini rahats\u0131z hissederek uygun olmayan durumlarda ko\u015fma, t\u0131rmanma ya da etrafta dola\u015fma,<br \/>\n\u2022\tOyun oynarken ya da ba\u015fka bir hobi ile ilgilenirken sessiz olamama,<br \/>\n\u2022\tHalk aras\u0131nda \u201csanki motoru var\u201d diye de adland\u0131r\u0131lan, s\u00fcrekli hareket halinde olma d\u00fcrt\u00fcs\u00fc ya\u015fama,<br \/>\n\u2022\tHi\u00e7 ara vermeden s\u00fcrekli konu\u015fma,<br \/>\n\u2022\tKendisine sorulan soru hen\u00fcz tamamlanmadan araya girip cevap verme,<br \/>\n\u2022\tBa\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n c\u00fcmlelerini tamamlama,<br \/>\n\u2022\tKar\u015f\u0131s\u0131ndakinin konu\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 kesme, konu\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 bitirmesini beklememe ya da hi\u00e7 s\u00f6z hakk\u0131 tan\u0131mama,<br \/>\n\u2022\tKendi s\u0131ras\u0131n\u0131 beklerken s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131 ya\u015fama,<br \/>\n\u2022\tKar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 konu\u015fmalarda, oyunlarda ya da di\u011fer aktivitelerde di\u011fer insanlar\u0131 rahats\u0131z etme ya da engelleme.<\/p>\n<p>c)\t\u00dcst\u00fcn Yetenek \u0130le DEHB&#8217;nin \u0130li\u015fkilendirildi\u011fi Belirtiler Nelerdir?<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\tKurallar\u0131n ve toplumun benimsedi\u011fi baz\u0131 gelenekleri sorgulama,<br \/>\n\u2022\tEvde baba, okulda \u00f6\u011fretmen, i\u015f yerinde m\u00fcd\u00fcr gibi otorite fig\u00fcrleri ile g\u00fc\u00e7 \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 i\u00e7erisine girme,<br \/>\n\u2022\tKendisine g\u00f6re gereksiz gelen baz\u0131 g\u00f6revlerden ka\u00e7\u0131nma e\u011filimi,<br \/>\n\u2022\tAkranlar\u0131na oranla daha az uyuma ihtiyac\u0131 hissetme,<br \/>\n\u2022\tY\u00fcksek aktivite d\u00fczeyi.<\/p>\n<p><strong>3- DEHB T\u00fcrleri Nelerdir?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Bilinen 3 farkl\u0131 DEHB t\u00fcr\u00fc vard\u0131r. Bunlar:<\/p>\n<p>a.\tKombine DEHB: Bilinen en yayg\u0131n DEHB t\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fcr ve bilinen t\u00fcm belirtileri i\u00e7erir.<br \/>\nb.\tDikkatsiz DEHB (eski ismi ile DEB): Dikkat eksikli\u011fi ve konsantrasyon eksikli\u011finin birlikte ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir DEHB t\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n<p>c.\tHiperaktfif \u2013 d\u00fcrt\u00fcc\u00fc DEHB: Dikkatsizli\u011fin ya\u015fanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 hareketlilik ve yo\u011fun d\u00fcrt\u00fcselli\u011fin (istekleri erteleyememe) ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir DEHB t\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n<p><strong>4- \u00c7ocuklarda DEHB Neden G\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>DEHB&#8217;nin tam olarak sebebi bilinmemekle birlikte, muhtemelen genler ve \u00e7evresel fakt\u00f6rlerin etkile\u015fimi ya da genlerle ilgisi olmayan sebeplerden kaynaklanmaktad\u0131r. Madde madde ele almak gerekirse, DEHB&#8217;ye sebep olan etmenler \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\tGenetik: DEHB&#8217;li ebeveynlerin \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 DEHB rahats\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131na sahip olmas\u0131, di\u011fer \u00e7ocuklara oranla 3 ya da 4 kat daha olas\u0131 oldu\u011fu bilinmektedir.<br \/>\n\u2022\tHamilelik esnas\u0131nda sigara, alkol ya da di\u011fer uyu\u015fturucu madde kullanan anneler DEHB&#8217;li \u00e7ocuk do\u011furma riskini art\u0131rmaktad\u0131r,<br \/>\n\u2022\tDo\u011fum esnas\u0131nda kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lan komplikasyonlar ve bebe\u011fin \u00e7ok d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kta do\u011fmas\u0131,<br \/>\n\u2022\tZehirli maddelere maruz kalma,<br \/>\n\u2022\tA\u015f\u0131r\u0131 derecede ihmal, suiistimal ya da mahrum etmeye maruz kalma,<br \/>\n\u2022\tRenklendirici, tatland\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 gibi maddelerin DEHB&#8217;ye neden oldu\u011funa inan\u0131lsa da, hen\u00fcz bunu ispatlayan bir ara\u015ft\u0131rma sonucuyla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><strong>5- DEHB Tan\u0131 S\u00fcreci<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>DEHB tan\u0131 s\u00fcrecinde, erken te\u015fhis olduk\u00e7a b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem arz etmektedir ve burada en \u00f6nemli g\u00f6rev, \u00e7ocu\u011fun en \u00e7ok zaman ge\u00e7irdi\u011fi ebeveynleri ve \u00f6\u011fretmenlerine d\u00fc\u015fmektedir.<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\t\u00c7ocu\u011fun DEHB rahats\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 genelde \u00f6\u011fretmen taraf\u0131ndan anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r. Burada dikkat edilmesi gereken k\u0131s\u0131m, baz\u0131 \u00f6\u011fretmenler DEHB&#8217;den \u015f\u00fcphelenirken, baz\u0131 \u00f6\u011fretmenler bunu fark bile etmeyebilir.<br \/>\n\u2022\t\u00d6\u011fretmenle birlikte ebeveynlerden gelen \u015fik\u00e2yetler g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurulur.<br \/>\n\u2022\t\u00c7ocu\u011fun sorunlu davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 durumlar incelenir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc okul ortam\u0131nda DEHB belirtileri g\u00f6sterebiliyorken, ba\u015fka bir ortamda, mesela evde, ayn\u0131 semptomlar\u0131 g\u00f6stermeyebilir. Oysa DEHB&#8217;li \u00e7ocuklar bahsedilen semptomlar\u0131 her ortamda ayn\u0131 \u015fiddetle g\u00f6sterirler.<br \/>\n\u2022\t\u00c7ocu\u011fun davran\u0131\u015fsal ve zihinsel geli\u015fimi, ila\u00e7lar\u0131n i\u015fe yaray\u0131p yaramad\u0131\u011f\u0131, meditasyonlara yan\u0131t\u0131 incelenir ve s\u00f6z\u00fc edilen semptomlar\u0131 g\u00f6sterip g\u00f6stermedi\u011fi incelenir.<br \/>\n\u2022\t\u00c7ocuk de\u011fi\u015fik ortamlarda ve zamanlarda g\u00f6zlemlenerek elde edilen bulgulara dayal\u0131 olarak DEHB te\u015fhisi koyulabilir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>6- DEHB Tedavi S\u00fcreci<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u2022\tTedavi s\u00fcreci, hem DEHB&#8217;li \u00e7ocu\u011fun hem de ailesinin hayat\u0131n\u0131 kolayla\u015ft\u0131ran nitelikte olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<br \/>\n\u2022\tDEHB tedavisi \u00e7ok y\u00f6nl\u00fcd\u00fcr.<br \/>\n\u2022\tDavran\u0131\u015fsal modifikasyon terapisi ya da ila\u00e7 tedavisi uygulanabilece\u011fi gibi, her ikisi de ayn\u0131 anda denenebilir.<br \/>\n\u2022\tYap\u0131lan ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir ki, DEHB&#8217;li \u00e7ocuklara uygulanan davran\u0131\u015f terapileri ve ila\u00e7 tedavileri, yaln\u0131zca \u00e7ocuktaki DEHB belirtilerini hafifletmenin \u00f6tesinde, \u00e7ok olumlu bir \u015fekilde sonu\u00e7lanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<br \/>\n\u2022\tDEHB&#8217;li \u00e7ocuklarda en \u00e7ok i\u015fe yarad\u0131\u011f\u0131 kan\u0131tlanan iki tedavi stratejisi s\u00f6z konusudur: ilk olarak \u00e7ocu\u011fu yak\u0131n takibe alarak ila\u00e7 tedavisi program\u0131 uygulamak. Bir di\u011feri ise, uygulanan ila\u00e7 tedavisi ile yap\u0131lan yo\u011fun davran\u0131\u015f terapisidir.<br \/>\n\u2022\tDEHB&#8217;li \u00e7ocuklarda en iyi sonu\u00e7 al\u0131nan en etkili tedavi y\u00f6nteminin ise \u201cmultidisipliner yakla\u015f\u0131m\u201d oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenmektedir.<br \/>\n\u2022\tKendi i\u00e7lerinde birbirlerini destekleyen ve birlikte en do\u011fru \u015fekilde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan alt unsurlara sahio multidisipliner yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n unsurlar\u0131 \u015funlard\u0131r:<br \/>\n1) Tan\u0131 ve tedavisi s\u00fcreci hakk\u0131nda hem anne ve babay\u0131 hem de \u00e7ocu\u011fu e\u011fitmek<br \/>\n2) DEHB ila\u00e7 tedavisi<br \/>\n3) Davran\u0131\u015f y\u00f6netimi terapisi<br \/>\n4) Okuldaki \u00f6\u011fretmenin de s\u00fcrece kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131<br \/>\n5) Okuldaki dan\u0131\u015fman\u0131n da s\u00fcrece kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131<\/p>\n<p><strong>7- Durum ve Ko\u015fullar Nas\u0131l De\u011ferlendirilmeli?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>7.1- E\u011fitimci ve Ebeveynlerin Yapmas\u0131 Gerekenler Nelerdir:<\/p>\n<p>Her \u00e7ocukta g\u00f6zlemlenmesi do\u011fal olan a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 hareketlilik, odaklanma problemi ve istekleri erteleyememe gibi olan baz\u0131 durumlar olmakla birlikte, okulda ya da ev ortam\u0131nda \u00e7ocuktan beklenenler artt\u0131k\u00e7a daha da k\u00f6t\u00fcle\u015fen baz\u0131 DEHB sinyalleri g\u00f6zlemlenebilir ve vakit kaybetmeden \u00f6\u011fretmen, veli ve uzmanlar ortak bir tan\u0131 s\u00fcrecine girmelidir. Bu sinyaller:<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\tDirektifleri takip etmede s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131,<br \/>\n\u2022\tOrganize olmada zorlanma,<br \/>\n\u2022\tYerinde duramama, s\u00fcrekli hareket halinde olma, el ve ayaklar\u0131n\u0131 sabit tutamama,<br \/>\n\u2022\tHi\u00e7 durmadan konu\u015fma ihtiyac\u0131,<br \/>\n\u2022\tG\u00fcnl\u00fck rutinlerdeki baz\u0131 g\u00f6revleri ve okuldaki \u00f6dev ve g\u00f6revleri bitirememe,<br \/>\n\u2022\tDetaylar\u0131 atlama ya da fark etmeme,<br \/>\n\u2022\tBeklenen reaksiyonlar\u0131 g\u00f6stermeme,<br \/>\n\u2022\tOkulda d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck notlar alma ve bu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck notlar nedeniyle akranlardan ayr\u0131larak ikincil depresyon ya\u015famad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>7.2- Ebeveyn ve \u00d6\u011fretmenlerin Bilgilendirme S\u00fcreci Nas\u0131l Olmal\u0131d\u0131r:<\/p>\n<p>Ebeveyn ve \u00f6\u011fretmenlerle ortak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma yaparak tan\u0131 s\u00fcrecine giren ve DEHB te\u015fhisi koyan doktor, tedavi s\u00fcrecine girildi\u011finde yaln\u0131zca \u00e7ocu\u011fu de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda \u00e7ocu\u011fun en \u00e7ok birlikte vakit ge\u00e7irdi\u011fi ebeveyn ve e\u011fitimcileri de e\u011fitme ve bilgilendirme s\u00fcrecine girer.<\/p>\n<p>Ebeveynler ve e\u011fitimciler \u00e7ocu\u011fa nas\u0131l yakla\u015fmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini, hangi reaksiyonlarla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015faca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve hangi konularda \u00e7ocu\u011fu zorlay\u0131p zorlamamas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini bilmelidir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>8- DEHB Kal\u0131tsal Bir Hastal\u0131k M\u0131d\u0131r?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u201c\u00c7ocuklarda DEHB neden g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr?\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda da s\u00f6z\u00fc edildi\u011fi gibi, DEHB rahats\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n as\u0131l sebebi hen\u00fcz bilinmemekle birlikte, genlerin \u00f6neminden de s\u00f6z edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\t\u0130kizler \u00fczerinde yap\u0131lan ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar, ebeveynlerden gen yoluyla aktar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f vaka oran\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fczde 75 oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir.<br \/>\n\u2022\tDEHB&#8217;li ailelerin \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131n, di\u011fer ailelerin \u00e7ocuklar\u0131na oranla 3 ya da 4 kat daha fazla DEHB&#8217;li olma potansiyeli ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 saptanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<br \/>\n\u2022\tGenetik fakt\u00f6rler ayn\u0131 zamanda, DEHB&#8217;nin yeti\u015fkinlikte devam edip etmeyece\u011fi konusunda da etkili oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<br \/>\n\u2022\tGenlerin yan\u0131nda \u00e7evrenin de DEHB oran\u0131yla yak\u0131ndan ili\u015fkisi oldu\u011fu bilinmektedir.<br \/>\n\u2022\tAyr\u0131ca, down sendromlu insanlar\u0131n DEHB sahibi olma potansiyeli di\u011ferlerine oranla daha olas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><strong>9- DEHB&#8217;nin G\u00f6r\u00fclme S\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Nedir?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u2022\tDEHB, d\u00fcnyada \u00e7ocuklar aras\u0131nda yakalan\u0131lan en yayg\u0131n hastal\u0131kt\u0131r.<br \/>\n\u2022\tErkeklerin DEHB&#8217;li olma oran\u0131, k\u0131zlara g\u00f6re 3-4 kat daha fazlad\u0131r.<br \/>\n\u2022\tTek yumurta ikizlerinde daha \u00e7ok g\u00f6zlemlenmektedir.<br \/>\n\u2022\tDEHB&#8217;li bireylerin oldu\u011fu ailelerdeki \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n da DEHB&#8217;li olma olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00fczde 25 ile y\u00fczde 30 aras\u0131ndad\u0131r.<br \/>\n\u2022\t1994 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00fclkemizde yap\u0131lan bir ara\u015ft\u0131rmaya g\u00f6re (K\u00f6ro\u011flu), T\u00fcrkiye genelindeki okullu 500 bin \u00f6\u011frencinin DEHB&#8217;den etkilendi\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmektedir.<br \/>\n\u2022\tDEHB&#8217;nin g\u00f6r\u00fclme s\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla yak\u0131ndan ilgili baz\u0131 fakt\u00f6rler ise \u015funlard\u0131r: cinsiyet, ya\u015f, kronik sa\u011fl\u0131k problemleri, ailesel fonksiyon bozuklu\u011fu, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck sosyoekonomik stat\u00fc, geli\u015fimsel sorunlar ve yerel ya\u015fam.<\/p>\n<p>Yaz\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda da belirtti\u011fimiz gibi, baz\u0131 semptomlar\u0131n \u00e7ocu\u011funuzda var oldu\u011funu fark ettiyseniz, panik yapmaya hi\u00e7 gerek yok. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc verilen g\u00f6revi do\u011fru s\u0131rayla yapamama ya da g\u00f6revi bitiremeden b\u0131rakma, s\u00fcrekli hareket halinde olma ve dikkatini bir olaya toplamada zorluk \u00e7ekme gibi semptomlar, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ya\u015flardaki hemen her \u00e7ocukta do\u011fal olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclen vakalard\u0131r. Daha ciddi olan semptomlar\u0131 g\u00f6zlemlemeniz halinde ise, yine tela\u015fa kap\u0131lmadan en yak\u0131n pedagoga giderek \u00f6nce kendinizi daha sonra \u00e7ocu\u011funuzu e\u011fitmeyi ama\u00e7lamal\u0131s\u0131n\u0131z.<\/p>\n<p>Kaynaklar:<br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.nimh.nih.gov\/health\/publications\/attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder-easy-to-read\/index.shtml#pub6\" title=\"http:\/\/www.nimh.nih.gov\/health\/publications\/attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder-easy-to-read\/index.shtml#pub6\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/www.nimh.nih.gov\/health\/publications\/attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder-easy-to-read\/index.shtml#pub6<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Attention_deficit_hyperactivity_disorder\" title=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Attention_deficit_hyperactivity_disorder\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Attention_deficit_hyperactivity_disorder<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.webmd.com\/add-adhd\/tc\/attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder-adhd-cause\" title=\"http:\/\/www.webmd.com\/add-adhd\/tc\/attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder-adhd-cause\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/www.webmd.com\/add-adhd\/tc\/attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder-adhd-cause<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.aktifyildizlar.com.tr\/aktifYildizlar\/abeuPageAction.do?documentId=55\" title=\"http:\/\/www.aktifyildizlar.com.tr\/aktifYildizlar\/abeuPageAction.do?documentId=55\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/www.aktifyildizlar.com.tr\/aktifYildizlar\/abeuPageAction.do?documentId=55<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.e-psikiyatri.com\/dikkat-eksikligi-hiperaktivite-bozuklugu-nedir-dehb-25744\" title=\"http:\/\/www.e-psikiyatri.com\/dikkat-eksikligi-hiperaktivite-bozuklugu-nedir-dehb-25744\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/www.e-psikiyatri.com\/dikkat-eksikligi-hiperaktivite-bozuklugu-nedir-dehb-25744<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.psidanismanlik.com\/bizden-size\/cocuk\/dikkat-eksikligi-ve-hiperaktivite-bozuklugu\" title=\"http:\/\/www.psidanismanlik.com\/bizden-size\/cocuk\/dikkat-eksikligi-ve-hiperaktivite-bozuklugu\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/www.psidanismanlik.com\/bizden-size\/cocuk\/dikkat-eksikligi-ve-hiperaktivite-bozuklugu<br \/>\n<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Dikkat Eksikli\u011fi ve Hiperaktivite Bozuklu\u011fu (DEHB) \u00c7a\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda \u00e7ocuklarda en \u00e7ok g\u00f6r\u00fclen rahats\u0131zl\u0131klardan biri dikkat eksikli\u011fi ve hiperaktivite bozuklu\u011fudur. 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